Impeachment de Santiago Peña revela crise política no Paraguai
A destituição do ex-mandatário paraguaio Santiago Peña evidencia a persistente instabilidade institucional da nação vizinha, demonstrando que a ausência de articulação entre o Poder Executivo e o Congresso nacional é capaz de inviabilizar uma gestão. O evento gera abalos na confiança econômica e pode desestimular a abertura de contas em território paraguaio por parte de cidadãos brasileiros.
Visão acadêmica sobre a derrocada
Para Junior Ivan Bourscheid, professor doutor de Ciência Política e Sociologia da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila), o desfecho do julgamento político confirmou os prognósticos de que o ex-governante apresentava deficiências na articulação e insistia em adotar um perfil estritamente tecnocrata.
O docente destaca que o ex-presidente conduzia a administração ignorando a exigência de firmar pactos políticos com sua própria base partidária, distanciando o parlamento do seu mandato.
“A crise do ueno ficou marcada como a crise de Santiago Peña, o tecnocrata economista especialista na gestão financeira. A confluência das problemáticas da esfera financeira com as da esfera política culminou na sua deposição por unanimidade no Senado”, realça.
Conforme a avaliação dele, o Legislativo reagiu ao clamor das ruas, que exigia sanções severas contra Peña, rejeitando a hipótese de aceitar sua renúncia — alternativa que preservaria imunidades e evitaria o encarceramento.
O cenário sob a gestão de Pedro Alliana
Nesse contexto, o foco recae sobre a atuação do novo mandatário, Pedro Alliana, até o término da administração em agosto de 2028. Resta verificar se ele terá capacidade de estruturar uma coalizão parlamentar sólida para assegurar a governabilidade e cumprir as prerrogativas inerentes ao cargo político.
Impactos econômicos e o ueno bank
Alexandre Costa, economista e pesquisador na Unila, relata existirem indícios de que tanto brasileiros quanto paraguaios estão transferindo recursos financeiros para o Brasil. Ele pondera que o colapso envolvendo o ueno bank não possui potencial para desestruturar o sistema financeiro nacional, visto que os fundamentos macroeconômicos e a microeconomia permanecem equilibrados.
Apesar disso, torna-se imprescindível que o Estado aja com agilidade e eficiência para restituir os valores bloqueados aos cidadãos. A morosidade pode corroer a reputação econômica e comprometer a expansão e o desenvolvimento do Paraguai a longo prazo, na medida em que investidores estrangeiros priorizam a previsibilidade e a segurança para alocar capital.
Retrospectiva das crises institucionais
O histórico político do Paraguai registra momentos marcantes de instabilidade ao longo das últimas décadas:
1999 — O vice-presidente Luis Maria Argaña é assassinado em Assunção, desencadeando uma crise que culmina no episódio conhecido como Marzo Paraguaio. O presidente Raúl Cubas renuncia e busca refúgio no Brasil, enquanto o líder do Senado, Luis Ángel González Macchi, assume o poder.
2012 — Ocorre o impeachment do presidente Fernando Lugo na sequência de um confronto agrário em Curuguaty entre policiais armados e camponeses, resultando em 17 mortes. O vice-presidente Federico Franco assume o comando do país.
2017 — Manifestantes invadem e incendeiam o prédio do Congresso após uma tentativa do ex-presidente Horácio Cartes de viabilizar a reeleição. Sob forte pressão popular, a proposta é abandonada.
2026 — Eclode a crise do ueno bank e ocorre o impeachment de Santiago Peña, com a consequente ascensão do vice Pedro Alliana à presidência.
Detalhes do processo de deposição
O afastamento de Santiago Peña foi consolidado após o Senado aprovar a destituição por 44 votos favoráveis, nenhum voto contrário e a presença de 44 dos 45 senadores.
A crise institucional que culminou na cassação teve origem na decisão do Banco Central do Paraguai (BCP) de congelar integralmente os valores depositados no ueno bank, a principal instituição financeira digital do país.
A sanção atingiu quase três milhões de correntistas, um volume expressivo considerando que a população paraguaia gira em torno de sete milhões de habitantes. É relevante notar que Peña atuou como acionista da instituição financeira até março do mesmo ano.
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